Geetha kで.
食品・飲料業界は活況を呈しているためです, それに直面しよう, 人は食べる必要があります. マレーシアでの食料消費量は年以来、急速に成長していることが報告されています 2000. それだけでなく, しかし、別の気分や舌に合うように、さまざまな食品のhankeringsで、より多くの目の肥えになります, この業界では競争が激しいです.
レストランやFに進出する人&B事業 - 食品や起業家の冒険としての情熱のうち、そうすることは、 - 彼らは、彼らがまたは予想していない場合があることを多くの課題に直面していることがわかります, それは台所にあること, または財政に関連します, 用品, 従業員, なインテリア, その上で日常業務と, 市場の競合他社からの圧力に加えて、.
外食するとき, 例えば, there are several things that attract people to a particular restaurant and not others. Besides parking facilities, it could be a catchy name, インテリア (例えば, 家具, 壁上の表示項目), menu with fancy sounding items, ユニークなデザインのカトラリー、プレート, the uniforms of the restaurant staff, popularity of the chef, or a number of other things.
While there are many aspects of the F&B industry that are important, we will address one fundamental factor that entices people by creating a delicious and memorable taste experience that keeps them coming back for more – the recipes.
Special and good recipes are the unique selling point of most restaurants. As with all unique selling points, they should be protected from being copied or used by others. So how does one intending to produce food products on an industrial scale protect their special recipe and maximise their ownership rights to the recipe?
Can You Patent Your Recipes?
The recipe itself (that being the list of ingredients and the method of cooking used to combine the ingredients) can be protected by way of patents, if and only if, the recipe is new. This means that no equal recipe should have been published before or used before worldwide and the owner of the recipe has not revealed the ingredients and the method to produce the special food item to anyone on a non-confidential basis.
一度 特許出願 is made and the Patent Examiner is satisfied that the subject matter is new and inventive, then the patent for the recipe will be granted (in the country for which the patent was applied). A granted patent will provide the owner a twenty year period to exploit their patent. After the twenty year period expires, any member of the public can reproduce the recipe for their use. This means that the recipe has been donated to the public after the patent expires (as the public can refer to the patent documents for the composition of the recipe and the method of recreating the dish using the ingredients in the recipe).
Here’s an example of an abstract of a patent for a recipe applied for in the US:
The patent shown is for a garlic sauce and a method of preparing the sauce. The owner is a company, Mamo’s Corporation, which filed the patent in 1996. Mamo’s Corp owns exclusive rights to the patent for the garlic sauce up to 2016. The company can license its patent rights to sauce manufacturers or restaurants and earn passive royalty income. Alternatively it can manufacture and sell the sauce at a premium price, in hypermarkets, supermarkets, small grocery shops and even to restaurants.
Patent vs Trade Secrets
Although patent protection has its advantages, many individuals and companies choose not to patent their recipe as patent protection has a limitation, in that the owner of the recipe can only exploit the recipe for 20 年. 代わりに、, owners of recipes prefer to rely on the protection afforded by keeping the recipe as a “trade secret”. Trade secrets are information that is kept confidential (すなわち, kept as a secret and not readily accessible to individuals in the company, apart from those that need to know the information to carry out the recipe) because they have commercial value.
Examples of well-known trade secrets include – you guessed it – the formula for Coca-Cola and Colonel Sanders’ recipe for fried chicken.
Reasonable steps must be taken by the owner of the information to keep it secret (すなわち, through confidentiality agreements with employees, non-disclosure agreements with third parties, など). Should there be unauthorised use of the trade secret by a third party, the owner of the trade secret can claim damages and costs in Court.
There is no registration system for a trade secret. しかし、, it is risky to rely on trade secrets because the protection fails if the recipe can be “reversed engineered“. 言い換えると, the protection is ineffective if the composition can be figured out once someone tastes the food item and experiments with the method of making the food item. Where the recipe can easily be ascertained, trade secrets would not be the right protection.
With regard to both types of protection for recipes mentioned earlier, the need for the recipe to remain new and confidential is paramount. Unless the recipe was revealed on a confidential basis (there must be proof to substantiate this), the recipe will no longer be considered “新しい” (a criteria required for patent protection) nor will it be considered a “secret” (a criteria required for “企業秘密”).
If this is the case, then the owner of the recipe would be advised to start packaging the food item in a unique manner and coming up with a unique name for the food item. This unique name will serve as a trademark for the food item and the food item can be sold to consumers or to restaurants for a profit. このシナリオでは, the owner would own the copyright and/or industrial design to the unique packaging of the product and the trademark applied to the food item.
Some examples of the use of trademarks on food items with special recipes are those used on pre-packed sauces. マレーシア, there are Maggi sauces, Lee Kum Kee sauces and Lingham’s sauces, among many others. For an idea of what kind of product packaging can be registered as an industrial design, below are a few that have been registered in the EU:
EU Reg No: 000509856-0001
EU Reg No: 000563507-0001
EU Reg No: 000608559-0009
一言で言えば, recipes can be protected by various intellectual property rights, while the food products that result from the recipes can be named and packaged in a unique, distinctive manner and protected from copying.
When all these rights have been identified and protected, the owner of the recipe is then free to commercialise the recipe and maximise its revenues, with assurance that any copycats will be sued for their unlawful acts.
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